SELECT-OPTIONS is a keyword used in SAP ABAP programming.This tutorial covers its introduction & syntax details.
SELECT-OPTIONS
Basic form
SELECT-OPTIONS sel FOR f.
Additions
1. … DEFAULT g
2. … DEFAULT g … OPTION xx … SIGN s
3. … DEFAULT g TO h
4. … DEFAULT g TO h … OPTION xx … SIGN s
5. … MEMORY ID pid
6. … MATCHCODE OBJECT mobj
7. … MODIF ID key
8. … NO-DISPLAY
9. … LOWER CASE
10. … OBLIGATORY
11. … NO-EXTENSION
12. … NO INTERVALS
13. … NO DATABASE SELECTION
14. … VALUE-REQUEST
15. … VALUE-REQUEST FOR LOW/HIGH
16. … HELP-REQUEST
17. … HELP-REQUEST FOR LOW/HIGH
Effect
Declares a variable selection option.
This
statement only makes sense in reports, i.e. in programs defined as type
1 in the attributes. You can execute reports with the SUBMIT statement.
The statements SELECT-OPTIONS and PARAMETERS determine the technical
interface and the user interface. The parameters and selection options
you specify are displayed on the selection screen for the user to enter
values (see also the addition NO-DISPLAY or SUBMIT without the addition
VIA SELECTION-SCREEN .
sel must be 1 – 8 characters long.
Note
This
statement defines an internal table sel with a fixed structure which
consists of the fields sel-SIGN , sel-OPTION , sel-LOW and sel-HIGH .
A
report can (by means of an entry in the attributes) be assigned to a
logical database ldb . This means that both the logical database ldb
and the report can define selection options (and parameters). You
define the (database-specific) selection options in an ABAP/4 include
program DBldbSEL (in logical database maintenance). The system then
imports this include program into the actual logical database access
program SAPDBldb and (partially) into the report. As a result, the
database-specific selection options (and parameters) relevant to the
report are available both to the database program SAPDBldb and to the
report.
The ‘report-specific’ selection options are known only in the report (not in SAPDBldb ).
Some
SELECT-OPTIONS additions are allowed only in DBldbSEL . The addition
‘NO DATABASE SELECTION’ can only be used in the report.
Each
line of the internal table sel formulates a condition. If you require
precise details about how to formulate these conditions, see the
section on the IN operator under Logical expressions .
If the user enters a value set on the selection screen, the internal table sel is automatically filled.
You can use normal ABAP/4 statements to read and manipulate the internal table sel .
The
values you enter for the database-specific selection options are passed
directly to the database for data selection (i.e. no unwanted records
are read). This also applies to report-specific SELECT-OPTIONS that
refer to a field in a logical database table defined for dynamic
selections (see also the addition ” NO DATABASE SELECTION “).
You
must check report-specific selections that refer to other fields with
the CHECK statement (i.e. unwanted records must first be read from the
database and discarded afterwards). This process is therefore not as
efficient as the process described above.
Under “Text
elements/selection texts”, you should enter a description for each
selection criterion sel . This description is displayed on the
selection screen. If no such text exists, the name sel of the selection
option is displayed instead.
The LOW and HIGH fields of a
selection option are displayed in a length up to 18 bytes long
(scrollable up to 45 bytes). If you define a length longer than 45,
fields are truncated on the selection screen after the 45th character.
This affects the first line of the SELECT-OPTIONS table. You can,
however, pass longer selection options to a report if they are
specified with the addition NO-DISPLAY and thus do not appear on the
selection screen. Without NO-DISPLAY , the fields are then truncated
whenever the selection screen is processed in the background (SUBMIT
without VIA SELECTION-SCREEN ).
Example
SELECT-OPTIONS PROGRAM FOR SY-REPID.
&ABAP-EFFECT&
Suppose you create an internal table PROGRAM with the header line
fields PROGRAM-SIGN , PROGRAM-OPTION , PROGRAM-LOW and PROGRAM-HIGH .
PROGRAM-LOW and PROGRAM-HIGH have the same field attributes as SY-REPID
. When the report is executed, a line on the selection screen contains
the text ‘PROGRAM’ or the associated selection text as well as input
fields for PROGRAM-LOW and PROGRAM-HIGH . At the end of the line, there
is a pushbutton with an arrow. When you press this button, you branch
to the ‘Complex Selections’ screen where you can enter more selection
lines for sel . Here, you can formulate very complicated selection
conditions. For further information about how these entries determine
the result set, see Logical expressions or select Utilities -> Help
sel. screen on the ‘Complex Selections’ screen.
Note
Field attributes on the selection screen.
The
input/output fields displayed on the selection screen for entry of
upper and lower limits have the same attributes for type, length or
conversion exits as the field f specified after FOR .
If f is a
Dictionary field, the selection screen is regenerated automatically
after most changes to its attributes. The attributes ‘Check table’ and
‘Fixed values’ are exceptions to this rule. If these are changed, you
have to generate the program in the ABAP/4 Editor. This also generates
the selection screen.
Addition 1
… DEFAULT g
Effect
Proposes the single value g as the default selection when the report is called.
Notes
For each SELECT-OPTION , you can only specify one DEFAULT .
You
must specify the default value g in its internal format, e.g. ”
SELECT-OPTIONS DATE FOR SY-DATUM DEFAULT ‘19931224’ “, not ” …
DEFAULT ‘24.12.1993’ “.
The default value g should normally be a
literal because, at runtime, it is transferred to the selection options
table sel so early that no value can be assigned to the field g .
System fields are an exception here because the system usually assigns
values to them as soon as the report processing starts.
Example
SELECT-OPTIONS DATE FOR SY-DATUM DEFAULT SY-DATUM.
Addition 2
… DEFAULT g … OPTION xx … SIGN s
( xx is OPTION , i.e. one of the values EQ,NE,CP,NP,GE,LT,LE,GT ); s is SIGN , i.e. one of the values I or E )
Effect
Similar to ” … DEFAULT g “, except that the system also proposes the specified selection option and SIGN .
You can specify the additions OPTION and SIGN in any order or omit them. The standard OPTION is EQ , the standard SIGN is I .
Example
DATA CITY(20).
SELECT-OPTIONS SO_CITY FOR CITY DEFAULT ‘SAN*’
OPTION CP SIGN E.
On the selection screen, this results in an entry specifying that cities not beginning with ” SAN ” are selected.
Notes
For each SELECT-OPTION , you can only specify one DEFAULT .
The option xx and SIGN s must be specified without quotation marks.
Addition 3
… DEFAULT g TO h
Effect
Proposes the range from g to h when the report is called.
Note
For each SELECT-OPTION , you can only specify one DEFAULT .
Addition 4
… DEFAULT g TO h … OPTION xx … SIGN s
( xx is OPTION , i.e. one of the values EQ,NE,CP,NP,GE,LT,LE,GT ); s is SIGN , i.e. one of the values I or E )
Effect
Similar to ” DEFAULT g TO h “, except that the system proposes the specified selection option and SIGN .
You can specify the additions OPTION and SIGN in any order or omit them. The default OPTION is BT , the default SIGN is I .
Example
DATA WORD(20).
SELECT-OPTIONS SO_WORD FOR WORD DEFAULT ‘SPRING’ TO ‘SUMMER’
OPTION NB SIGN I.
On the selection screen, this results in an entry specifying that the words between ” SPRING ” and ” SUMMER ” are excluded.
Notes
For each SELECT-OPTION , you can only specify one DEFAULT .
The option xx and SIGN s must be specified without quotation marks.
Addition 5
… MEMORY ID pid
Effect
On the selection screen, the SET/GET ID pid is assigned to the left range limit of the selection criterion.
Note
You must specify the memory ID without quotation marks. It can be up to 3 characters long.
Addition 6
… MATCHCODE OBJECT mobj
Effect
On the selection screen, the matchcode object mobj is assigned to the left range limit of the selection criterion.
Note
You must specify the name of the matchcode object without quotation marks. It can be up to 4 characters long.
Addition 7
… MODIF ID key
Effect
The
specified modification group ( SCREEN-GROUP1 ), which can be used for
screen modifications, is assigned to the screen fields.
Note
You must specify the name of the modification group without quotation marks. It can be up to 3 characters long.
Example
TABLES SAPLANE.
…
SELECT-OPTIONS S_PTYPE FOR SAPLANE-PLANETYPE MODIF ID ABC.
…
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.
LOOP AT SCREEN.
IF SCREEN-GROUP1 = ‘ABC’.
SCREEN-INTENSIFIED = ‘1’.
MODIFY SCREEN.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
Addition 8
… NO-DISPLAY
Effect
Does
not display the selection on the selection screen. Creates the internal
table sel as with ‘normal’ selection options and you can then transfer
the selection option with SUBMIT .
These selection options
represent a part of the interface which the user does not see on the
selection screen. You can set the values either internally (through the
routine INIT in SAPDBldb or INITIALIZATION in the report) or with
SUBMIT . These selection options are also stored for variants.
Sometimes,
(e.g. when the user has entered particular values for other selection
options or parameters ), you may want to display these undisplayed
selection options on the screen so that the user can enter values. You
can do this in the routine PAI of the database program SAPDBldb (for
database-specific selection options) or under AT SELECTION SCREEN (for
report-specific selection options) by calling a function module (see
CALL FUNCTION ) or your own screen (CALL SCREEN .
Addition 9
… LOWER CASE
Effect
The selection is not case-sensitive (i.e. allows upper and lower case letters).
Addition 10
… OBLIGATORY
Effect
The user must enter a value for this selection (in the LOW field).
Addition 11
… NO-EXTENSION
Effect
The
user can only make an entry on one line. Calling the additional
“Multiple Selection” screen is not supported and no pushbutton for this
appears on the selection screen.
Addition 12
… NO INTERVALS
Effect
The
selection option is displayed on the selection screen without a ‘to’
field. The pushbutton for calling the “Multiple Selection” screen
appears immediately after the ‘from’ field.
This addition thus
allows you to generate a simplified display on the selection screen.
This is particularly useful if you are not making any range selections
for this selection option.
Notes
On the “Multiple Selection” screen, you can also enter ranges for selection options with ” NO INTERVALS “.
By
combining this addition with ” NO-EXTENSION “, you can restrict the
user to entry of a single value for the selection option, but with the
possibility of also choosing single value options like ‘Greater than’
or ‘Less than or equal’.
By using the addition ” NO INTERVALS ”
with SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK , you can activate the simplified
display for all selection options in a block.
The function
module SELECT_OPTIONS_RESTRICT allows you to restrict the set of
selection options available for a SELECT-OPTION (for example, only
single values and patterns, i.e. ‘EQ’ and ‘CP’ are allowed). You can
also forbid the leading sign ‘E’ (= ‘Exclude from selection’). This
means that you can considerably restrict the selections which can be
entered on the selection screen.
Addition 13
… NO DATABASE SELECTION
Effect
This
addition is allowed only for report-specific SELECT-OPTIONS which refer
to a field f belonging to a table dbtab of the logical database. Here,
the selections entered by the user are not passed directly to the
logical database unless the logical database supports dynamic
selections for dbtab (if dynamic selections for dbtab are not
supported, the addition has no effect.
This addition can be
useful if you only want the selections entered by the user for this
SELECT-OPTION to be effective under certain conditions. However, you
should be careful when using it: Since the selections have to be
checked with CHECK after the records have been read, this has a
considerable effect on performance.
Addition 14
… VALUE-REQUEST
Addition 15
… VALUE-REQUEST FOR LOW/HIGH
Effect
This
addition is allowed only for database-specific SELECT-OPTIONS in the
include program DBxyzSEL (where xyz = logical database name). It allows
you to implement self-programmed value help. (To implement
self-programmed value help for report-specific SELECT-OPTIONS , you can
use the event key word AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR … .)
If you specify only VALUE-REQUEST (without FOR … ), the value help
refers to both input/output fields of the SELECT-OPTION (i.e. to
sel-LOW and sel-HIGH). Otherwise, it refers only to the specified
field. The addition has two effects:
The affected input/output fields are displayed on the selection screen with the pushbutton for F4 (possible entries).
When
the user presses this button or F4 , this triggers the FORM routine
sel-LOW_VAL or sel-HIGH_VAL in the database access program SAPDBxyz (if
it exists). If this addition is specified – and even if the
SELECT-OPTION with FOR points to a Dictionary field – this FORM routine
is executed when the user presses F4 and the check table or the fixed
values of the Dictionary field are not displayed. You can, for example,
branch from the routine sel-LOW_VAL or sel-HIGH_VAL to a function
module which offers a selection list of possible values. At the end of
this FORM routine, the contents of the field sel-LOW or sel-HIGH are
copied to the appropriate input/output field.
Example
* INCLUDE DBXYZSEL
…
SELECT-OPTIONS S_PTYPE FOR SAPLANE-PLANETYPE VALUE-REQUEST FOR LOW.
…
REPORT SAPDBXYZ DEFINING DATABASE XYZ.
…
TABLES SAPLANE.
…
FORM S_PTYPE-LOW_VAL.
…
CALL FUNCTION ‘…’.
…
ENDFORM.
Addition 16
… HELP-REQUEST
Addition 17
… HELP-REQUEST FOR LOW/HIGH
Effect
Like
VALUE-REQUEST , this addition is allowed only for database-specific
SELECT-OPTIONS in the include program DBxyzSEL (where xyz = logical
database name). It allows you to implement self-programmed value help.
(To implement self-programmed value help for report-specific
SELECT-OPTIONS , you can use the event key word AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON
HELP-REQUEST FOR … .) If you specify only HELP-REQUEST (without FOR
… ), the help refers to both input/output fields of the SELECT-OPTION
(i.e. to sel-LOW and sel-HIGH). Otherwise, it refers only to the
specified field. When the user presses F1 , this triggers the FORM
routine sel-LOW_HLP or sel-HIGH_HLP in the database access program
SAPDBxyz (if it exists). If this addition is specified – and even if
the SELECT-OPTION with FOR points to a Dictionary field – this FORM
routine is executed when the user presses F1 and the documentation of
the Dictionary field is not displayed. You can, for example, branch
from the routine sel-LOW_HLP or sel-HIGH_HLP to a function module which
displays its own documentation.
Example
* INCLUDE DBXYZSEL
…
SELECT-OPTIONS S_PTYPE FOR SAPLANE-PLANETYPE HELP-REQUEST.
…
REPORT SAPDBXYZ DEFINING DATABASE XYZ
…
TABLES SAPLANE.
…
FORM S_PTYPE-LOW_HLP.
…
CALL FUNCTION ‘…’.
…
ENDFORM.
FORM S_PTYPE-HIGH_HLP.
…
CALL FUNCTION ‘…’.
…
ENDFORM.